The Bible Has Many Stories We Can Share For Different Reasons. Rather

The Bible has numerous accounts we can share for various reasons. Or maybe it be Adam and Eve, Noah and the Ark, or David and Goliath, we utilize the tales for exercises in our lives. Legislative hall Punishment can likewise identify with one of the accounts. The Villagers accumulated with their stones. The Criminal was a lady who was indicted for infidelity. As the townspeople lifted their hands prepared to toss the stone Jesus came and stepped before the lady. Taking a gander at the incensed locals he stated, He who has no transgression will cast the principal stone. The residents all dropped their stones. This story speaks to my sentiment on state house discipline. Nobody on the earth is totally without transgression and nearly everybody could be rebuffed. In any case, being the deceptive society we are today we despite everything go on constantly mistreating the individuals who we see as lower than us. Its not simply Christians who fight the abuse of legislative hall discipline. The death penalty conflicts with pretty much every religion. Albeit disconnected sections of the Bible have been cited on the side of capital punishment, practically all strict gatherings in the United States view executions as unethical. The death penalty additionally is an ineffectual discipline for the individuals who perpetrate violations considering the to be punishment as the path of least resistance. Logical investigations have reliably neglected to exhibit that executions dissuade individuals from carrying out wrongdoing. The regarded Thorsten Sellin investigations of the United States in 1962, 1967 and 1980 presumed that capital punishment was not an obstacle. At the point when our establishing fathers of America planned the Constitution which is the base of our administration they needed to make ten Bill of Rights for the fulfillment of every one of the thirteen settlements. One of those ten Bill of Rights was the eighth one which said under any conditions that the United States couldn't utilize any pitiless or irregular wrongdoings. Capital punishment adversaries, including numerous strict gatherings and people, and a developing number of jail superintendents, keep up that death penalty comprises remorseless and surprising discipline infringing upon the Eighth Amendment. Slaughtering, regardless of whether completed by an individual or the state, is indecent and should not to be supported. Possibly the discipline wouldnt be as terrible if there was outright guarantee that the individual the jury was putting waiting for capital punishment was liable however as most frameworks in the United States the Capitol discipline framework to has its genuine flaws. The main distinction between the other defective US frameworks and the broken legislative center discipline framework is that the state house discipline framework can make a guiltless individual pass on. Studies show that in this century, at any rate 400 guiltless individuals have been indicted for capital violations they didn't submit. Of those 400, 23 were executed. The unjust execution of an honest individual is a treachery that can never be amended. With the broken legislative center discipline framework, comes cash. On account of their numbness to the subject numerous individuals who are ace legislative center discipline contend that it would cost less to simply feel free to polish the detainee off than to pay for their living propensities in prison for the remainder of the detainees life. The reality of the situation is that another investigation has demonstrated that it cost 3.1 million dollars for an execution to happen in Florida. Keeping the detainee in jail is practically 50% of that much. What's more, in the event that they need to pass on any way, legislative hall discipline is the better discipline. Im not saying that a sequential executioner who has assaulted and slaughtered seven individuals ought to be permitted to remain in a decent encouraged prison and for good conduct get parol in ten years. I believe that the discipline ought to be at any rate fifty years in jail without parol. The climate in jail alone is its very own hellfire and Im sure the work that could be allocated to the killer would be more awful enough. As I have referenced multiple times previously, detainees need capital punishment as a methods for a simple way out. Today in excess of 3,300 individuals are waiting for capital punishment. Executions - by hanging, electric shock, deadly infusion, and even by terminating crew - have gotten practically ordinary. Notwithstanding which strategy is utilized, capital punishment is a boorish time misplacement and ought to be

Semantic Service Provisioning Smart Objects â€Myassignmethelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Semantic Service Provisioning Smart Objects? Answer: Presentation The accompanying report means to portray the imminent of IOT innovation from the client end and its essentialness for way of life according to basic IOT items that can be utilized in ones everyday life. Aside from that, this report will likewise talk about the few concerns identified with IOT including information stockpiling, security and control and so on with intelligent measures for the equivalent. IOT Home Network The Internet of Things (IoT) redesigns the physical items wherever into a system of data that rapidly alters our lifestyle. From coolers to vehicles, to parking spots and homes, the IoT is transforming each item into the computerized world. Our homes could before long monitor all our day by day exercises (Perera 2017), from opening to shutting the front entryway, through programmed item control when the cooler is vacant. Regardless of whether we are prepared for such a degree of computerization, or what we need, is an entire other issue. Nonetheless, this ought to immediately turn into the standard, before another development of advances again changes our lifestyle. Then again, there are not many issues in the savvy homes that ought to be expressed. The expansive mechanical concerns run from interface, protection, network, security and comfort. The outline of Internet of Things foundation of my home can be appeared as: Home Networking: My Abode The gadgets in my dwelling place can be talked about as: Lock framework Firms nowadays have set up the computerized auto lock frameworks that are sans bother, keyless and work through portable applications fit for interfacing with significantly all keen gadgets. With such framework, it turns out to be moderately simpler to bolt and open the gets to without the need of keys by simply working on the web. Altered keys could likewise be created and coded for explicit visiting hours or days for any visitors. Being very valuable and keyless Internet works everything. Be that as it may, certain issues confronted are: Issue Type Remarks Utilization Nonattendance of business norms for lock framework and various types of locks having various gauges present out use issues. Control Information validation is of boss worry for control. Availability Computerized Lock game plans may not work during low network or when disconnected. Security On the off chance that somebody loses their cell phone, at that point such crises have parcel to be taken care of safely (Oravec, 2017). Protection Most shrewd items are associated with cell phones and in this way they are exceptionally incredible and capable in overseeing pretty much every aspect of life so is the protection of the equivalent. The three significant goals are: Firewall option: It is recommended that an extra layer of firewall ought to ensure the lock framework. Utilization of antivirus programming. Biometric checks to be introduced. It is seen that passwords are not that safe in home mechanization and home locking framework. Subsequently, it would bode well to ensure the home with the methods for biometrics framework. It would be ideal if corporate gauges were utilized for the products (Zahra, Brewer, Cooper, 2017). By corporate norms it implies that various merchants of lock framework and home framework mechanization should hold hands and create basic arrangement of guidelines. The regular arrangement of guidelines would guarantee that the vulnerabilities in the framework are limited. Home Lighting frameworks Philips new portable application has a lights control include along these lines absolute guideline of family unit switches could be worked. Besides, this application can self-analyze and keep up plans according to people utilization and include its intuition to configuration connects according to produced information. Innovation making it same lighting gadget red, blue yellow or according to the customization. Issue Type Remarks Use Each light has explicit force utilization esteem in this manner use issues could show up. Control Information validation is a significant issue to manage. Availability The lighting frameworks could be lazy to react if there should arise an occurrence of poor availability. Security Applications like Google store their information on mists and along these lines there are a few imitations at various areas (Han, Crespi, 2017). Thusly, it is exceptionally noteworthy for the merchants to improve such issues. Security Information security should be dealt with. The key measures to be taken are as per the following: Security through solid passwords. Simultaneously, it is suggested that clients should change the secret key on normal time interim. Antivirus Systems to be introduced with lighting frameworks programming. Simultaneously, it is suggested that the antivirus framework ought to be refreshed on ordinary time interim. Philips Light frameworks ought to incorporate with all the espresso machines independent of the brand. Nike has propelled their savvy just on iOs and not on Android and it might result in multi levels of joint effort. Indoor regulator IOT empowered indoor regulator was essentially made by Nest anyway it was later procured by Google. These indoor regulators can be worked online from any area utilizing wanted application before arriving at home to make progressively agreeable earlier the passage. These in fact adjusted indoor regulators don't require any temperature settings, they naturally act according to the climate conditions and time of day with effectively adaptable highlights that too with voice over. It is self-keeping up and extemporizes itself each time with required significant information. Issue Type Remarks Utilization Various gadgets have various indoor regulators with singular force utilization esteems along these lines it is bit complex being used. Control There is a control issue of information verification. Network Inaccessibility of indoor regulator that could be associated with advanced cell or different gadgets like forced air systems and so forth. Security Information consistence should be made sure about. Protection Information spillage could be a hazard. The three key arrangements are: Utilization of secret word or second layer of confirmation over the versatile UI. Utilization of antivirus frameworks. Shrewd TV Shrewd TVs are made arrangements for thingamajig homes and are receptive to in excess of 200 gadgets and can connect with shared gadgets like Phone, Bluetooth, Thermostat, related lights and camera (Demirer, Aydin, Celik, 2017). Issue Type Remarks Use Differing UI for every one of the shrewd TV may make misperception. Control Information validation is in question. Network Because of poor availability savvy TV probably won't get associated with PDA. Security Security worry according to information consistence. Protection Protection of information is defenseless. The three key arrangements are: Diverse profile ought to be made for all the clients who sit in front of the TV Inbuilt Antivirus Program ought to be there in the product of brilliant TV The product of Smart TV ought to be refreshed when there is another rendition or new fix in the market Espresso machine There are keen espresso machines in the market that can be completely constrained by the portable App. One can plan the mixes and give guidance like after how long you need your espresso prepared, change settings, number of various fixings and some more. Additionally, at whatever point there is lack of any fixing in the machine-like water, it will likewise send a warning. Issue Type Remarks Utilization There is an utilization issue of satisfactory help. There is a likelihood that espresso machine doesn't bolster all the capacities over a versatile application. Control Information verification needs have Control Network There is a network concern identified with arrangement. Security Information Compliance and its security to be dealt with. Protection Protection of information to be taken care of. The principle goals are: Secret phrase Protection Antivirus Installation Cooler Shrewd and Connected coolers are worked with complex arrangement of actuators and sensors that have prescient investigation comparable to deficiency of stock, putting requests to the nearest outlets (Verhoef, et al., 2017). Despite the fact that these attributes are fundamentally unreasonable, however with brilliant methodology and customary impromptu creations its effectively getting significance in our lives. Issue Type Remarks Use Cooler may not upkeep all the capacities over a portable application. Control Information approval could produce control concerns. Availability On the off chance that network gets lost, at that point information count could be broken. Security Information support could be free. Security Information watchfulness may be in question. The three key way outs are: Secret key insurance Antivirus Protection IOT Footwear Essentially, Ducere Techologies has created sensor instigated footwear for outwardly impeded individuals. These shoes go about as guide toward the goal with the assistance of vibrations in shoes worked with Lechal application. By and by, Nike has additionally presented IOT empowered shoes which are associated with Apple savvy and iPhones. These shoes can check the voyaged separation, running rate, calories consumed and a few different qualities by evaluating a people design. Issue Type Remarks Utilization There is an utilization issue of sufficient help. Control There is a control issue of information validation. Availability Foundation Connectivity. Security Information consistence required with any dangers. Security Information Privacy should be solid. The three key measures are: Firewall Protected. Antivirus Protected. Biometric Authentication. Keen Toothbrushes Philips and Kolibree are two significant organizations managing in keen toothbrushes. These pr

India’s Unsung Heroes of the Sports World

The games are beginning. It's a great opportunity to overlook the rooftops, the scaffolds and the poop †regardless of whether it's originating from hounds or the sorting out board of trustees. Indian avid supporters can most likely let you know Sachin Tendulkar’s birthday, interests and most loved music. However, request that fans name in excess of 5 individuals who are speaking to India at the Commonwealth Games and they will battle. We as a whole know Saina Nehwal and Lee-Hesh. Here are a couple of more that you may not know. Sharath Kamal (Table Tennis) †The 2006 Commonwealth Games gold decoration victor is by all accounts in a decent situation to bring home another gold. He's been in acceptable structure this year and has shown the development and certainty that all champs have. How about we additionally not overlook he has been Indian number one for as far back as seven years. Envisioned right. Ananya Panigrahi (Swimming) †She isn't mature enough to drive a vehicle or even had her sweet sixteenth birthday celebration so far as that is concerned, however this multi year old will be the most youthful competitor speaking to India in this years games. A decoration might be troublesome at her age, yet you never know. Sushil Kumar (Wrestling) †If you don’t know this man then you have to peruse the games pages all the more regularly. He simply won a gold at the World Championships in Moscow half a month back and appears to be a dead cert to win the 66 kg class. A decoration is ready for whoever gets there first, how about we trust it’s a sparkly gold one. Vijender Singh, Akhil Kumar and Jai Bhagwan (Boxing) †This could be a dash for unheard of wealth for India. In the Commonwealth Boxing Championships in March our fighters got 6 gold awards, and there are three folks in the edge to do us glad this time. Top of the heap is genius and group most loved Vijender Singh (Beijing bronze decoration champ), trailed by Jai Bhagwan and Akhil Kumar, the Commonwealth 2006 Gold victor and notoriously, the competitor whose bed crumbled at the CWG town. One last note: I’ve heard some discussion of fans boycotting the games. That would be a fiasco. On the off chance that there was ever a period for fans to get together and bolster our competitors it's currently. The initial introduction of the CWG has not been acceptable, so we should ensure the enduring impression is a paramount one.

Hedging Essay - 1375 Words

Hedging (Essay Sample) Content: RUNNING HEAD: HEDGING 1NameInstitutionDateCurrency hedging can be defined as an act of engaging in financial contracts to provision against losses anticipated from deviations in currency exchange rates. It is a financial strategy used by investors or businesses to reduce the level of risk when performing transactions internationally. Currency hedging resembles an insurance policy put in place to reduce negative outcomes of foreign exchange risks. The concept attempts to minimize the exposure of an investor to unfavorable changes in money market. This is in an attempt to guarantee that a size-able return on investment can be obtained even though currency value falls.International trade has tremendously grown over time because of inventions of remarkable trading tools such as the internet. This has increased the transparency of trade in international markets. At the same time , international politics and economic factors have elevated uncertainties of foreign exchange rates. This has amplified international markets volatility and the need for currency hedging. Hedging ensures that entities have a growing concern even after contingencies occur due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. In hedging, investors seek to exchange currencies when their market value is still favorable. There are various forms of currency hedging that an international investor can use.Option hedging is the most common and widely used form of hedging. It is rated to be the best form of hedging by numerous investors across the globe. It can be characterized as a trading privilege transferred to the ownerCITATION DrK13 \l 1033 (McNew). This means that a trader can purchase or sell his assets in the future market at a specified price. Exchange-traded options were first used in 1937. Over the years, their popularity has tremendously increased. Some traders have been shy to use options out of believes that they are sophisticated and hard to understand. However, when used well, they have numerous advantages. First, they are cost efficient. Options give investors an immense leveraging power. An investor is able to control potential losses without creating a limit to potential gains.Options are also less risky depending on how they are utilized. Options do not require an intensive financial commitment unlike equities. A large proportion of operating capital is not tied up in hedging operations. They are also impervious to the potential negative effects of gap opening. Options are dependable, and thus safer than stocks. Options offer higher potential returns from a current investment than any other form of hedging. An investor can spend a small amount of funds in provisioning for risk, and obtain a profit which is almost equivalent to the invested amount. This translates into a high percentage of returns to an investor in terms of profits.When using options, a n investor has more strategic investment alternatives. This is because options are very flexible investment tools. Options can be committed to recreate synthetic positions. These positions are representations of investors who have multiple strategies to attain the same investment goals. Options can be extremely beneficial to investors if used wisely. However, they have several disadvantages. First, they cannot offer a full hedge in an investment. Their coverage is partial. At the same time, they can be subjected to basis risk. Options are only drafted for fixed or specified amounts and values. Thus they do not have much liquidity.The second form of a hedge, is hedging with future contracts. Future contracts in hedging entails the arrangements to purchase or retail assets at a specified time in the future at an agreed upon price. Unlike the forward contracts that are traded over the counter, future contacts are traded during an exchange (Tripathy, 2007, Pp.270). Investors use future contracts to reduce their exposure to risks and also limit the effects of fluctuations in prices to their trade. The goal of future contracts in hedging is to create a perfect offset to risk. Future trading is considered an effective strategy of hedging against volatility of commodities or assets involved. They are several merits of hedging through future contracts.First, an investor can easily create or declare ownership of assets. Future contracts facilitate simple and reasonable commission fees and plans which are low. They are able to maximize the profit margins and reduce risks when transacting with other equities and funds. The market liquidity when it comes to future contracts is high and readily available. Future contracts are vastly leveraged instruments of finance. They allow an investor to achieve a great deal of gains when only a small amount is invested. Positions while using future contracts can be easily reversed. This means that an investor is capable of opening long and short positions simultaneously.There are several detriments of using future contracts as a hedging strategy. Just like in option hedging, future contracts offer a partial coverage. Future contracts face basis risks which may set in due to imperfect hedging. For example, the issuer of a bond or a liability can default. Since future contracts have a low commission costs, they may encourage an investor to engage in more trades. This may lead to undesired over-trading. Future contracts are standardized products. This means that they are drafted for fixed amounts and specific terms. The other form of hedging is the use of forward contracts.Forward contracts are non-standardized treaties between two trading parties. They agree to either buy or sell assets at specified times at agreed upon prices. Forward contract do not require upfront payments like in option contracts (Kwok, 2008, Pp.21). There are several advantages of using forward contracts as hedging strategies. The principal me rit is that unlike in other forms of hedging, it offers a full or complete hedge. They can be customized to suit any amount or terms put in place. An investor who uses forward contracts can easily match them with the duration and cash size of the exposures. Forwards provide price protection. They are also easy to understand and use which makes them a preference by many international investors.Hedging with forward contracts has few detriments. First, the cash flow of an entity is affected. This is because most of the business capital is tied up in the investment until all contracts are settled. Just like in other forms of hedging, forward contracts can be subjected to default or credit risks (Kevin, 2006, Pp.239). Finding a counter party when using forward contracts can be challenging. An investor may also find it rather diffi...

Choosing a Business School

Image Segmentation Of Detection Of Lump Using Algorithm

â€Å" Image Segmentation Of Detection Of Lump Using Algorithm† Nikhil B Bhosle Bhagban J Choudhury Nilesh S Magam Project Guide:-J.P.Patil (bhosle.nikhila03@gmail.com) (bhagbanchoudhury18@gmail.com) (nil25may@gmail.com) (jeetoo.patil@gmail.com) Abstract— Tumor is a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of cells it is also known as cancerous growth and uncontrol growth and they also have different treatment. This paper is to implement of few Algorithms for rooting out the distance and the shape of tumor in brain by using MRI Images. Usually result of this process can be viewed by first doing CT scan or by MRI scan. In this paper Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanned image is basically used for this whole procedure, For identifying purpose Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan is more accurate than any other scan it will never affect our human body reason for this is it doesn’t require any radiation It is centered on the magnetic field and radio waves. There are many types of algorithm which were developed to cure brain Tumor detection. But few of them have different drawbacks for extraction and detection process. After the segmentation process which has been taken by fuzzy c-means and k-means clustering by doing this process the detection and extraction location are identified. By differentiateShow MoreRelatedCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesopportunity to do that with future books, and I have enough respect for this one to try to stand off a bit. That being said, I did make a few significant exceptions. I eliminated the vii viii Preface to the Revised Edition section on using â€Å"thematic niches† as a legitimate tactic for crossing the chasm. It turns out instead they were a placeholder for the market tactics used during a merging hypergrowth market, a challenge covered in a subsequent book, Inside the Tornado. Also I haveRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesDevelopmental editor: Gail Korosa Associate marketing manager: Jaime Halterman Project manager: Harvey Yep Production supervisor: Carol Bielski Designer: Mary Kazak Vander Photo researcher: Jeremy Cheshareck Media project manager: Cathy Tepper Cover image:  © Veer Images Typeface: 10.5/12 Times Roman Compositor: Aptara ®, Inc. Printer: Worldcolor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Larson, Erik W., 1952Project management: the managerial process / Erik W. Larson, Clifford F. Gray. —5th ed. p. cm

Diseases In Florida Affecting Millions †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Diseases In Florida Affecting Millions? Answer: Introducation Diabetes is likely to be the worst epidemic in human history. In the past, people used to underestimate it as a global public health issue, but now the world can no longer ignore it. With the general issues of diabetes, diabetes mellitus is the chronic condition that affects the endocrine system. The primary characteristic of this disease is the presence of high levels of glucose within the blood stream which occurs due to either low level of insulin or resistance (Bagchi Sreejayan, 2012). Insulin is a type of a hormone that is produced by the buiness, and this hormone enters the bloodstream through specialized cells called beta cells to the (Bagchi Sreejayan, 2012). There are three different types of diabetes. One of them is diabetes type 1 which results from total lack of insulin. This diabetes is discoverable at childhood or during adolescent years. The study of (Rnningen, 2015) revealed that this diabetes has an autoimmune disorder that destroys the beta cells of the pancreas. Nevertheless, the work also showed that a proper administration of insulin could stop this destruction. The other type of diabetes known as diabetes type 2. According to (Psychoneuroimmunology, 2011), type 2 diabetes, is associated with low levels of insulin and obesity. The victim's body produces low or no insulin which doesn't completely work on lowering glucose level in the blood stream. The study work also explains that genetic factors can play a part in carrying diabetes type 2 to the offspring. In most cases, this research found that individuals whose parents had type two diabetes had three times chance of developing the same. Lastly, there is gestational diabetes. This one happens when the body doesn't use insulin efficiently. The study report by (American Diabetes Association, 2015) explains that gestational diabetes occurs in women during pregnancy times. Further, the study reveals that gestational diabetes does not rely on either previous diabetic history or genes. Besides, women who get gestational diabetes have higher chances of developing diabetes type 2. On the other hand, their babies may end up becoming obese when they grow up. Diabetes Statistical Data in Florida This paper will primarily rely on diabetes statistical data the state of Florida. Diabetes remains to be a severe health problem in the state of Florida. For instance, looking at Hillsborough County, their total population in 2013 counted to 1.292 million citizens. According to (CDC, 2013), in in Hillsborough County, there were 99,443 people that tested positive diabetes disease in 2013. By the look of the data between the year 2016, the deaths resulting from diabetes and its related complications counted to 302 individuals out of 100,000 people (Florida Department of Health, 2017). In particular, between 2012 and 2014, the data showed that about 34,405 people out of per 100,000 were hospitalized suffering from either diabetes or its related complications. That was the study of (Florida Department of Health, 2017). In the same gap of between 2012 and 2014, the study reported diabetes amputation statistics counting to an estimate of 346 out of 100,000 individuals. Another point to note is that despite adequate education to the public, there is a notable overall upwards trend as people transition from pre-diabetes into diabetes. The study observed that the primary cause of thismanagement development is mainly overweight issues, genetics, and noncompliance with exercise and a healthy diet plan. This study of (Florida Department of Health, 2017) recommended that Floridians must make necessary lifestyle changes. Social and Culture Effects on Diabetes Chronic diseases are closely linked to aspects of life like social and cultural backgrounds in the society. For example, some people believe that patients with type 2 diabetes have problems like high levels of stress which that affect even the way the deal with their friends. Such disease hypotheses cause these people to change their personalities, even to the extent of altering their self-identity. The work of (Watve, 2013) states that some hypothesis can even force patients to live in solitude. On the other hand, there are also some cultural beliefs with hypotheses that influence the strategies laid out for the disease management. That is, different cultures have different beliefs concerning certain diabetes symptoms, causation, treatment and other outcomes. For instance, in a country like Florida where there are different groups of people, Hispanic cultural belief would be different from African-American beliefs. For instance, Indian-American people in Florida may still hold their perception that diabetes results from unconscionable eating of sweets (Gulati, Misra, 2014). There are also other communities who believe that eating bitter herbs and vegetables can help in reducing blood sugar. All these hypotheses that may affect the disease management either positively or negatively. Following this, some studies suggest that there is a great need to understand the patient's cultural beliefs and find out whether such beliefs conflict with biomedical science. Diabetes Descriptive Epidemiologic Breakdown As discussed above, problems within the endocrine system are the primary causes of diabetes. In particular, the body either develops a resistance to insulin or it doesn't effectively use insulin. According to (American Diabetes Association, 2014), there are estimated costs of above 245 billion dollars that American people spent in the year 2012 on diagnosing diabetes. However, the study found that these costs rise due to other complications associated with diabetes. The research revealed that people with diabetes are also likely to experience other conditions like heart disease, kidney disease/failure, stroke, vision loss, amputations, in addition to deaths. In the mentioned estimates, (American Diabetes Association, 2014) found that about 1.4 million people start diabetes diagnosis every year. Looking at the age of the victims, the CDC found that the most affected people in America are adults within 20 years old or older. The CDC data between 2010 and 2012 that between that out of the total population in America, 15.9 percent of the diabetic people were American Indians and 13.2 percent were African Americans. On the side Hispanians, 12.8 of them had diabetes. Asians were 9 percent, and 7.6 percent were Caucasians (CDC, 2014). In general, diabetes has already become as a major epidemic in the world. Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes There are numerous characteristics associated with diabetes. For diabetes type 1, notable signs are polyuria, polydipsia or abnormally increased thirst, and polyphagia or abnormal excessive hunger or increased appetite (Silbert-Flagg, Sloand Millonig, 2011). These symptoms are the also called the Three P's, and they are the main signs of diabetes type 1. Other signs are bedwetting in children who never had a history of wetting their beds at night, blurred vision, irritability, weight loss, mood swings and fatigue. Type 2 diabetes has almost similar signs and symptoms to the diabetes type 1. The only difference is that in type 2, these symptoms appear slowly making them almost unnoticeable (Salvo, 2009). Nonetheless, even though diabetes type 2 is the most prevalent, there are sometimes when it shows no symptoms at all. This characteristic complicates the situations making it hard to diagnose. In (Pratley, 2013), the study explains that type 2 diabetes take years to diagnose due to those periods that it shows no symptoms. However, the study clarifies that the asymptomatic nature of type 2 diabetes leaves practitioners with only one option which is to treat it through opportunistic testing. Last is gestational diabetes. For this kind of diabetes, the patient has to undertake prenatal screenings as the only diagnostic procedure (Lavery, Friedman, Keyes, Wright Ananth, 2016). However, in (Farrar, 2016) since this condition attacks pregnant women, these people develop hyperglycemia caused by place ntal hormone secretion caused due to insulin resistance. Screening and Diagnosis There are various methods of screening patients for diabetes. One of these methods is Glycosylated hemoglobin. This test is commonly known as hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c (Florkowski, 2013). Regarding diabetes screening and diagnosis, this one is the most recommended test to all the practitioners. According to (Higgins, 2012), this test checks for the persisting levels of blood sugar in patients that have diabetes and it evaluates the patients chances of complexities. HbA1c test uses the concept of testing the blood glucose which is readily taken up by red blood cells and then reacts with hemoglobin. According to (Makris Spanou, 2011) when sugar couples with hemoglobin, they react to form glycated hemoglobin. With this, the term Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) refers to one of the glycated hemoglobin clinical tests analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes through a quantitative analysis called HbA1c or A1c test. The HbA1c analysis provides an index level of glucose integrated over extended periods of time (23 months). From this test, the levels of HbA1c obtained in a single specimen presents diagnostic data among diabetic patients (Makris Spanou,2011). This test shows the level of both past and current glycemic control which practitioners use to estimate the chances of future complications (Florkowski, 2013). The second screening method is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This one establishes the abnormal level of glucose fasting (Hage, Lundman, Rydn, Mellbin, 2013). In healthy people, it's the function of the pancreatic juice to keep a check on the glucose level to keep it within a stable concentration. In this connection, if the insulin action fails, either through lack of secretion or a malfunction, that will lead to a raised level of glucose in the bloodstream. Therefore, such an individual would require a diagnosis aimed at keeping the insulin functioning. The use of the OGTT is to define borderline levels in fasting plasma glucose. However, HbA1c is preferred over OGTT due to its simplicity, accuracy, and no need to fasting. Action Plan Against Diabetes It is of paramount that nurses and other medical practitioners to develop an action plan for diabetes. In particular, nurse practitioners should create plans for actions. For this, they may consider taking a primary, secondary, or a tertiary care involvement. When it comes to primary actions, the provider can make a plan like educating the society on primary prevention (Green, Brancati Albright, 2012). These are methods aimed at preventing the disease entirely. To accomplish this, providers can conduct forums to teach people how to avoid unsafe behaviors that can facilitate the development of diabetes. Some of the precautions are like advocating for balanced diet, minimizing stress and exercises. Secondary prevention methods are those procedures that aim at discovering the disease at its early stages. This plan of action would be almost similar to that of primary prevention, but this one will focus on enlightening the society on the ways the methods they can use to discover the disease before its signs and symptoms are apparent (Philis-Tsimikas Gallo, 2014). Notably, the goal is to stop the disease from progressing to severe complications. Therefore, the primary focus of secondary prevention methods would be to work with the patient in monitoring the blood sugar, the diet, and the exercise plan. In addition to all that, the provider would also help the patient with the medical procedures. Tertiary prevention comes where there are simple signs or even notable deterioration. In this, tertiary plans will be aiming at stopping further deterioration. On top of that, patient engagement will be a necessity in addition to coming up with a care plan. Where a care plan already existed, the provider may consider changing it (Turner Hurley, 2015). Also, nutritional guidance to the patient would be essential in this state plus exercise program. In this regard, setting up or suggesting a care group is another approach that the provider can take to help the patient adhere to the lifestyle changes. During this phase, there is certainty of medications. On this account, the medication could be either the beginning or a modification of the previous one basing the decision on the lab results and the symptoms. When thinking of a plan of care, it is necessary to include the patient in the case together with the decision-making process. By involving the patients, it will make them feel more appreciated and included in their plan, and it also helps them to comply with the decision (Turner Hurley, 2015). The consumers outcome is tremendously beneficial when the practitioner includes the consumers in the decision-making session rather than leaving them out. Community training is another method that Nurse professionals may employ. Conducting training aimed at creating awareness to the society will not only improve the community's health, but it would also simplify the work of the practitioners. Learned society can take part in assisting the nurses in the disease management and control. Also, it minimizes the costs of medication as and management since even the society can contribute to the education and prevention programs. In this case, it will substantially reduce the enormous cost of diabetes (Philis-Tsimikas Gallo, 2014). Conclusion As a nursing practitioner, it's one's role to make sure that consumers get their quality assistance while struggling to overcome diabetes complications. It is also a nurse position to educate the consumers as well as the general public to enlighten them on the current status and risk associated with diabetes. For those consumers with contingency factors for diabetes, it is also advisable that such people should take screening procedures as a way of detecting and preventing diabetes from advancing. It is worth noting that the highest number of population can prevent diabetes by engaging in exercises plans, and the same exercise procedures also work for those who need to prevent diabetes development. Also, it is good to empower the patients so that they can assist in the management of their diabetes conditions. Nurses can also enable the general public in conduction educational forums on diabetes. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Diagnosed diabetes percentage/2013. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/calculating-methods-references-county-level-estimates-ranks.pdf Florida Department of Health (2017). FL health charts: Community health and assessment resource tool set. Retrieved from https://www.flhealthcharts.com/charts/DataViewer/DeathViewer/DeathViewer.aspx?indNumber=0090 American Diabetes Association. (2015). 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 39(Supplement 1), S13-S22. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc16-s005 Thacker, S.B., Qualters, J.R., Lee, L.M. (2012). Public healthcare surveillance in the United States: Evolution and challenges. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6103a2.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). Chronic disease prevention and health promotion: Statistics and tracking. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/index.html American Diabetes Association (2014). Statistics about diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/ Florkowski, C. (2013). HbA1c as a Diagnostic Test for Diabetes Mellitus Reviewing the Evidence. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews, 34(2), 7583. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3799221/ Makris, K., Spanou, L. (2011). Is There a Relationship between Mean Blood Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin? Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 5(6), 15721583. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/193229681100500634 Hage, C., Lundman, P., Rydn, L., Mellbin, L. (2013). Fasting glucose, HbA1c, or oral glucose tolerance testing for the detection of glucose abnormalities in patients with acute coronary syndromes. European journal of preventive cardiology, 20(4), 549-554. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2047487312444371 Bagchi, D., Sreejayan, N. (2012). Nutritional and therapeutic interventions for diabetes and metabolic syndrome (1st ed., p. 513). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Farrar, D. (2016). Hyperglycemia in pregnancy: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. International Journal Of Women's Health, Volume 8, 519-527. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s102117 Green, L., Brancati, F., Albright, A. (2012). Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes: integrative public health and primary care opportunities, challenges and strategies. Family Practice, 29(suppl 1), i13-i23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmr126 Higgins, T. (2012). HbA1c for screening and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Endocrine, 43(2), 266-273. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-012-9768-y Lavery, J., Friedman, A., Keyes, K., Wright, J., Ananth, C. (2016). Gestational diabetes in the United States: temporal changes in prevalence rates between 1979 and 2010. BJOG: An International Journal Of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 124(5), 804-813. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14236 Philis-Tsimikas, A., Gallo, L. (2014). Implementing Community-Based Diabetes Programs: The Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute Experience. Current Diabetes Reports, 14(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0462-0 Pratley, R. (2013). The Early Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. The American Journal Of Medicine, 126(9), S2-S9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.06.007 Psychoneuroimmunology. (2011) (4th ed., p. 1000). Rnningen, K. (2015). Environmental Trigger(s) of Type 1 Diabetes: Why So Difficult to Identify?. Biomed Research International, 2015, 1-10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/321656 Salvo, S. (2009). Mosby's pathology for massage therapists (p. 208). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier. Silbert-Flagg, J., Sloand, E., Millonig, V. (2011). Pediatric nurse practitioner certification review guide (p. 337). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Operations Turner, H., Hurley, J. (2015). The History and Practice of College Health (2nd ed., p. 148). Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. Gulati, S., Misra, A. (2014). Sugar Intake, Obesity, and Diabetes in India. Nutrients, 6(12), 59555974. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125955 Watve, M. (2013). Doves, Diplomats, and Diabetes (p. 311). New York, NY: Springer New York.

Leukocytes Essays - Biology, Medicine, Anatomy, Cell Biology

Leukocytes Leukocytes and the leukocyte differential count To consider the leukocytes together as a group is something of a granfalloon, because each type of leukocyte has its own function and ontogeny semi-independent of the others. To measure the total leukocyte count and allow this term to mean anything to the doctor is a travesty, yet the wbc count has traditionally been considered a cardinal measurement in a routine laboratory workup for just about any condition. I cannot emphasize too much that to evaluate critically the hematologic status of a patient, one must consider the individual absolute counts of each of the leukocyte types rather than the total wbc count. For such a critical evaluation, the first step is to order a wbc count with differential. In many labs, the result will be reported as a relative differential, something like this: WBC 6000/?L segmented neutrophils 60% band neutrophils 2% lymphocytes 25% monocytes 8% eosinophils 3% basophils 2% Your first task is to multiply the wbc count by each of the percentages given for the cell types; this gives you an absolute differential. Now you're in business to get some idea as to the pathophysiologic status of the patient's blood and marrow. Thus, the illustration above becomes: WBC 6000/?L segmented neutrophils 3600/?L band neutrophils 120/?L lymphocytes 1500/?L monocytes 480/?L eosinophils 180/?L basophils 120/?L The total wbc count is invariably done using an automated method. Routinely, the differential count is done by hand (i.e., through the microscope) in smaller labs, and by automated methods in larger facilities. The automated methods are amazingly accurate, considering the fine distinctions that must often be made in discerning one type of leukocyte from the other. One manufacturer's machine can quite reliably pick out one leukemic blast cell in eight hundred or more leukocytes. Now we shall consider each of the leukocyte types individually. A. Neutrophils The most populous of the circulating white cells, they are also the most short lived in circulation. After production and release by the marrow, they only circulate for about eight hours before proceeding to the tissues (via diapedesis), where they live for about a week, if all goes well. They are produced as a response to acute body stress, whether from infection, infarction, trauma, emotional distress, or other noxious stimuli. When called to a site of injury, they phagocytose invaders and other undesirable substances and usually kill themselves in the act of doing in the bad guys. Normally, the circulating neutrophil series consists only of band neutrophils and segmented neutrophils, the latter being the most mature type. In stress situations (i.e., the acute phase reaction), earlier forms (usually no earlier than myelocytes) can be seen in the blood. This picture is called a left shift. The band count has been used as an indicator of acute stress. In practice, band counts tend to be less than reliable due to tremendous interobserver variability, even among seasoned medical technologists, in discriminating bands from segs by microscopy. Other morphologic clues to acute stress may be more helpful: in the acute phase reaction, any of the neutrophil forms may develop deep blue cytoplasmic granules, vacuoles, and vague blue cytoplasmic inclusions called D?hle bodies, which consist of aggregates of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. All of these features are easily seen (except possibly the D?hle bodies), even by neophytes. The normal range for neutrophil (band + seg) count is 1160 - 8300 /?L for blacks, and 1700 - 8100 /?L for other groups. Keeping in mind the lower expected low-end value for blacks will save you much time (and patients much expense and pain) over the course of your career. Obesity and cigarette smoking are associated an increased neutrophil count. It is said that for each pack per day of cigarettes smoked, the granulocyte count may be expected to rise by 1000 /?L. B. Monocytes These large cells are actually more closely related to neutrophils than are the other granulocytes, the basophil and eosinophil. Monocytes and neutrophils share the same stem cell. Monocytes are to histiocytes (or macrophages) what Bruce Wayne is to Batman. They are produced by the marrow, circulate for five to eight days, and then enter the tissues where they are mysteriously transformed into histiocytes. Here they serve

Stirling Engine Overview

Stirling Engine Overview Free Online Research Papers Of all of the heat engines developed today the Stirling engine has the greatest promise to be the most efficient. Theoretically, the Stirling engine has the ability to function at the full Carnot efficiency. However friction, thermal conductivity and other variables keep it from ever reaching that theoretical potential. Stirling engines, being â€Å"external combustion† engines, are very smooth running and very quiet. Also, because the Stirling engine uses an external heat source, it can be run on whatever is available that makes heat.(1) In this paper we are going to look at the history of the Stirling engine, how it works, and the different configurations in which it can be built. Further, we are going to look at the pros and cons of the Stirling engine, different applications, and how new technology is being developed using the Stirling model. History: With the dangers of early steam engines, Dr. Robert Stirling and his brother James sought to create a safer alternative. In 1816 the Stirling brothers patented the Stirling Air Engine.(2) Originally the patent was for a heat exchanger that Stirling called an â€Å"economizer†. Rolf Meijer coined the name â€Å"Stirling engine† approximately one hundred years later in order to describe all types of closed cycle regenerative gas engines. The original patent went on to describe one possible application for the economizer, it could be used as an air engine. Robert and his brother James continued to apply for patents that covered various improved configurations of the original design. One very important improvement was pressurization, which increased the power output of the engine. Although the Stirling engine was unable to compete with the steam engine in large-scale operations, it did find success in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century wherever a reliable source of low to medium power was required.(3) â€Å"These generally operated at lower temperatures so as not to tax available materials, and thus tended to be rather inefficient. Their major selling point was that they could be operated safely by anyone capable of managing a fire.†(4) As technology improved the appeal of Stirling engine was reduced by the electric motor and was mostly relegated to toys. How it works: The Stirling engine moves through four basic processes, cooling, compression, heating, and expansion. The fixed mass working fluid (commonly air, hydrogen, or helium) moves between two heat exchangers, one heat exchanger to facilitate the absorption of heat and the other to discharge the heat absorbed. In the engine there are two pistons (mechanically linked) exposed to the working fluid at each heat exchanger. The change in working fluid temperature causes a change in the working fluid pressure, which in turn drives the pistons.(5) When most of the working fluid is in contact with the hot heat exchanger, it pushes the â€Å"Hot Piston† to the bottom of its cylinder extracting work from the fluid (power stroke). The â€Å"Cold Piston† being mechanically linked (at 90 ° on a flywheel) to the â€Å"Hot Piston†, is pushed to the top of its cylinder (compression stroke). With the bulk of the working fluid being heated, heat from the hot side bleeds into the cold side causing some expansion and starts to push the â€Å"Cold Piston† toward the bottom of its cylinder (power stroke) extracting more work from of the hot working fluid. As the â€Å"Cold Piston† continues to travel to the bottom of the cylinder the working fluid is at its maximum volume and the â€Å"Hot Piston† begins its travel to the top of its cylinder (compression stroke) moving the bulk of the hot working fluid to the cold side. The working fluid starts to cool and the â€Å"Cold Piston† powered by the momentum of the flywheel, begins its travel to the top of its cylinder (compression stroke). As the working fluid reaches its minimum volume it absorbs heat from the hot side, the working fluid on the hot side increases in temperature, the pressure increases and starts to drive the piston to the bottom of its cylinder (power stroke). Once more placing the bulk of the working fluid in contact with the hot heat exchanger beginning the process again.(6) Configurations: Stirling engines are differentiated into three types; Alpha (operation explained in the preceding section), Beta, and Gamma. The differences are found in the movement of the working fluid between the heat exchangers. The Alpha Stirling utilizes two separate cylinders and power pistons. â€Å"The hot piston cylinder is situated inside the higher temperature heat exchanger and the cool piston cylinder is situated inside the low temperature heat exchanger. This type of engine has a very high power-to-volume ratio†(7) The Beta Stirling has a single power piston arranged within the same cylinder on the same shaft as a displacer piston. The displacer piston however, is fit loosely in the cylinder and extracts no power from the expanding working fluid. Typically, the Beta is attached to a flywheel to enhance its performance.(8) The Gamma Stirling is a Beta with the power piston mounted in a separate cylinder adjacent to the displacer piston cylinder but is still connected by the same flywheel. The working fluid flows freely between the cylinders and remains in a single unit. This configuration is usually used in tandem with other Gamma Stirling engines. Pros and Cons: Pros: Due to their ability to run on any heat source, the Stirling isn’t restricted to combustible fuel sources. They can operate on heat from solar, geothermal, biological, nuclear, and waste heat from industrial processes. Bearings and seals are typically found on the cool side (Beta and Gamma), they need less lubrication and have more longevity than other reciprocating engines. Stirling engines use a single-phase working fluid that maintains an internal pressure close to the design pressure. They run quietly and don’t require an air supply.(9) Cons: There are high costs due to the need for durable materials to handle the heat and pressure load. These materials also must be resistant to creep from the cyclical nature of the engine. Because of the external heat source, a warm-up time is required before useful power can be produced and the Stirling engine can’t change its power output quickly.(10) The dissipation of waste heat can be challenging and difficult to manage. â€Å"The coolant temperature is kept as low as possible to maximize thermal efficiency. This increases the size of the radiators, which can make packaging difficult.†(11) Applications: Today, Stirling engines are used in some very specialized applications, like in submarines or auxiliary power generators, where quiet operation is important. The SES (Solar Dish Stirling) technology is well beyond the research and development stage, with more than 20 years of recorded operating history. The equipment is well characterized with over 25,000 hours of on-sun time. Since 1984, the Companys solar dish Stirling equipment has held the worlds efficiency record for converting solar energy into grid-quality electricity.(12) In space, solar powered Free Piston Stirling Engines (FPSEs) are producing electricity to meet the needs of astronauts without having to rely as much on a finite amount of fuel. â€Å"high efficiency, low mass 35 W free-piston Stirling engine design. Overall (engine plus linear alternator) thermodynamic performance greater than 50% of Carnot, with a specific power close to 100 W/kg appears to be a reasonable goal at this small power level†Ã¢â‚¬ The use of high efficiency FPSEs would allow a reduction in the radioisotope fuel by a factor of roughly four compared to existing RTGs. Free-piston Stirling engines and cryocoolers are demonstrating long life capability, and significant strides in performance of Stirling cycle machines have been made in the commercial sector.†(13) The Stirling engine has also seen success as a Heat-pump and Reverse Heat-pump. As a Heat-pump the Stirling engine pumps heat from the outside of a building to heat the interior rather cheaply.(14) Inversely, as a Reverse Heat-pump the Stirling engine removes heat from a cryo-coolers dropping temperatures to -200 °C (73 °Kelvin). Depending upon their design, the Stirling Reverse Heat-pump can drop temperatures as low as 60 °Kelvin 40 °Kelvin.(15) New Technology: In an effort to cool motherboards for better performance and increased longevity, the â€Å"Air Power Cooler† is in development. It transfers the chipset heat into air momentum. When the heat from the chipset radiates into the air of the cylinder, the air expands and pushes the piston to rotate the fan and in doing so cooling the heat sink immediately. After the air moves from the bottom to top of the piston, the air will become heavy to push the up piston down. This air piston design which is called the â€Å"Electricity-less Fan†, can transfer over 70% heat power to air power thus very efficiently and effectively cooling the chipset.(16) Currently Dean Kamen (the inventor of the Segway) is working to develop a Stirling engine that will re-charge a battery in an electric car while the car is in operation. Its range would be extended significantly.(17) Conclusion: In a global climate of shrinking resources, the Stirling engine has proven itself to be worth our time and effort to examine and experiment with. Incorporating a design that is elegantly simplistic, the Stirling engine has successfully stood the test of time. As we examined how the Stirling engine worked, we found it to be incredibly efficient. We also looked at the different configurations and saw a variety of very creative ways the concept has been applied. When looking over the pros and cons we saw that there was some issues to workout for mass production, though when examining the applications there were specialized instances where the pros clearly out weighed the cons. Lastly, we looked at the â€Å"up and coming† new technology enhancing the Stirling engine and making it worthy of vernacular application. With the increasing pressure for efficiency it’s a very exciting time for the Stirling engine. Bibliography: 1. Gurstelle, William. â€Å"Two-can Stirling engine†, Make (2007): 91-101 2. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 1.1 History†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 3. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 1.1 History†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 4. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 1.1 History†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 5. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 2.1 The engine cycle†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 6. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 4.1 Alpha Stirling†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 7. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 4.1 Alpha Stirling†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 8. Karim Nice, â€Å"Displacer-type Stirling engine†. How Stuff Works. Available from How Stuff Works. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/stirling-engine2.htm. Accessed 9 April 2008 9. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 8.0 Advantages of Stirling engines†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 10. Karim Nice, â€Å"Why aren’t Stirling engines more common?†. How Stuff Works. Available from How Stuff Works. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/stirling-engine4.htm. Accessed 9 April 2008 11. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 9.1 Size and cost issues†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 12. Unknown, â€Å"What is a Stirling engine?†. SES Stirling Energy Systems. Available from SES Stirling Energy Systems. stirlingenergy.com/whatisastirlingengine.htm. Accessed 9 April 2008 13. J. Gary Wood and Neill Lane, â€Å"Advanced 35 W Free-Piston Stirling for Space Power Applications†, Available from Sunpower Inc. sunpower.com/lib/sitefiles/pdf/publications/Doc0083.pdf. Accessed 9 April 2008 14. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 10.4 Heat pump†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 15. Unknown, â€Å"Stirling engine, 10.3 Stirling Cryocoolers†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 9 April 2008. Available from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine. Accessed 9 April 2008. 16. Unknown. â€Å"World’s First Powerless Air Cooler on a Motherboard!†. Micro-Star International (MSI), February 29, 2008. Available from Micro-Star International (MSI). hexus.net/content/item.php?item=12110. Accessed 9 April 2008. 17. Hank Green. â€Å"Segway Inventor Focusing on Green Cars†. Ecogeek, August 11, 2007. Available from Ecogeek. ecogeek.org/content/view/872/. Accessed 9 April 2008 Research Papers on Stirling Engine OverviewThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperMind TravelIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBringing Democracy to Africa

Making Financial Decision Based on Financial Information Assignment

Making Financial Decision Based on Financial Information - Assignment Example British Airways Plc and Iberia had merged to form a new leading airline group named International Airlines Group (IAG). IAG is formed, and its shares were listed on London Stock Exchange, on 24 January, 2011. As a result of the merger  with Iberia, British airline’s revenue has increased up 17 percent (to ?9,990 million), and the operating profit increased to ?518 million in 2011 (12 months to 31 December) when compared to the profit of 2010 i.e. ?342 million. Profit before tax in 2011 was ?679 million and in 2010 they had a loss of ?32 million. Fuel costs went up to ?3 billion in 2011. 2011 saw noteworthy hikes in the prices of fuel in opposition to the background of slow recovery of global economy.   British Airways was not resistant to outside factors distressing the aviation industry, but the IA Group which spent a great deal of 2011 in delivering powerful operational and financial performance, was able to establish firm foundations for a brilliant future.  The hike in the operating profit was delivered, regardless of fuel costs in the period, beyond ?3 billion, and up to 34 per cent annually. On the contrary, the cost of non-fuel units went down by 4.2 percent. The operating outcome for 2011(31 December) included charges of restructuring amounts ?12 million and they were chiefly concerned with its divisions. The restructuring charges of ?6 million in 2010 are chiefly relating to the costs of lease exit. The taxation charge for 31 Dec, 2011 was is ?7 million; and in nine months which ended on 31 December 2010 the credit was about ?13 million. Diminutions in corporation tax rate in the UK were substantively passed in 2011. The major rate of corporation tax was condensed to 26 from 28 percent with effect from 1st April 2011, and to twenty five per cent from 1 April 2012. â€Å"Net debt comprises the current and non-current portions of long-term borrowings, less cash and cash equivalents, and other current interest-bearing deposits† (Annual Report and Accounts 31 December 2011 n.d). The position of cash remains powerful with the cash and the cash equivalents to ?1,829 million.   Decisions: The current ratio of British Airways, according to the budget analysis for 2011 is 0.75 (Current Assets/ Current liability, 2774/3683). This means that the company has faces some difficulty in the repayment of its bill on timely basis. â€Å"Current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a company has enough resources to pay its debt over the next business cycle (usually 12 months) by comparing the firm's current assets to its current liabilities† (Current radio Interpretation 2009). Even though there is hike in the price of oil, British Airways preserves a strong focus on controllable costs, by functioning strongly with the suppliers. On the whole, the operational performance of British Airways is much stronger. It flights are punctual, and passenger are aware of it. 2. Explain the calculation of unit cost s and make pricing decisions using relevant information The unit cost is the cost per standard unit supplied, which can be a single sample of a specified number. When purchasing above a single unit, the total cost will rise with the number of units, other than it is general for the unit cost to reduce as quantity is increased. This discount in long run unit costs which occur from an increase in

Individual reflective assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual reflective assessment - Essay Example many skills and the module ‘Academic Skills for Accountancy’ has helped me a lot in developing some of the skills required for the profession of auditing. Following are skills related to accounting that I have developed throughout the module. One of the most important skills for an auditor is to be able to critically evaluate the audit evidence obtained as a result of the audit procedures which include inquiries from the management, observation of the procedures done by management and inspection of accounting records. Through this semester, I have developed this skill significantly. The course has introduced me to specifics of the skills required for critical evaluation of evidence. For the forthcoming year, I plan to develop this skill by conducting further research on the audit and by studying practical examples regarding audits of significant entities. One of the most important areas that would be focused would be of professional scepticism. Professional scepticism is the ability of an auditor to keep a questioning mind and this attitude helps the auditor not to generalize the results of the evaluation of evidence obtained. I would learn how to develop professional scepticism. An ability every accountant must have is the ability to analyse the information provided and to draw conclusions with sufficient rationalization. The same skill is also important for an auditor because it is the responsibility of an auditor to analyse the evidence obtained and to provide a reasonable assurance backed by rationalized conclusions. The semester helped me significantly in improving this ability (Cottrell 2008). In accounting, each transaction has a dual effect therefore if any one part of the transaction is not recorded, it can be traced from the other part. Thus, everything in the financial records becomes linked and the missing links can be found by analysing the recorded information. The same skill is also highly important for the profession of auditing. Since this is

Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Essay The belief of the existence of a supernatural being has always been there since time immemorial. People have a common belief that there exists a super being that has more power than an ordinary being and that this being deserves to be respected and adorned. It is because of this reason that there are many religions. Religions are groups of people who share a common faith. There are many religions in the world today but the most common are Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. The focus of this paper is Hinduism as a religion and more importantly what makes it a religion, now that it lacks a uniting belief (Kim.  1998). Hinduism ranks third among the largest religions in the world. It is estimated that in the world today there are about eight hundred and 20 million followers of this particular religion. This is a big increase in terms of followers in comparison to a few years back. Hinduism is also considered as one of the most organized yet the oldest religion in the world. This not withstanding Hinduism has been described by many theologians as not being a full-fledged religion in terms of composition as there are some components the religion lacks (Axel. 2004). Unlike other religions Hinduism does not have a universal founder. While Islam is believed to have been found by Prophet Muhammad who was sent by Allah, Christianity was founded by Jesus who was sent by God. This is however not the case in Hinduism as there is no particular person who is the founder of this faith. Hinduism as a religion also lacks a specific holy book as there is a Bible in Christianity and a Quran among the Muslims. There is also not a centralized system of authority and the concept of a prophet being sent by a supreme being is non existent in Hinduism. Hinduism also lacks a system of theology that is specific as it the case with other religions (Gavin. 1996). Hinduism had never been considered as a religion for many years for lack of these major components that make up a religion. However, as years went by due the large numbers that this faith was claiming it was now ranked among the three major religions in the world. Hinduism has instead been viewed more as a way of living than as a religion. While other religions, Christianity for instance are a group of people with the same kind of faith, Hinduism is made up of various religions where people profess different faiths. These different faiths have their origin in India and with gradual evolution they have led to the growth and development of Hinduism as a religion (Axel. 2004). Hinduism is very much bent on the beliefs of an individual on what is right as opposed to worshipping a supreme being. Although Hinduism is one of the oldest faiths of the world, it lacks unification and many people have always considered as a lesser religion or better still an organized group of faithful as opposed to a religion. Looking at the definition of a religion it is in order to conclude that Hinduism is not a religion but instead a well organized form of faith. The concept of God lacks in this form of faith and the shepherd who is usually the clergy in other religions acts like a mere guideline to other members of the society. Hindus have no one particular God to who they give worship and praise. Instead they have an array of gods who are represented by idols. Hinduism has been described as one of the most tolerant religions in the world where freedom of worship is granted to the faithful of the religion. For instance a Hindu faithful needs not frequent the temple so as to be considered righteous. Instead following the rules of the religion is considered enough (Gavin. 1996). Something major to note is that all; gods in the Hindu religion are not divines as is the case in other religions. While in Islam and Christianity, God is divine, in Hindu, their gods are artificially made and are mainly represented by animals especially cows. However the Hindu religion has one major strength and this is the manifestation of the religion. While in many religions this aspect does not always come out strongly, in Hinduism manifestation is considered as part of the daily routine (Gavin. 1996). In conclusion it is correct to argue that Hinduism is only considered a religion and indeed one of the major religions of the world mainly because of the mass following it has and not because of its composition. It has however been able to grow over the years and has found its place in the world and is now ranked third among the main religions.

Free College Admissions Essays: Computer Science :: College Admissions Essays

Computer Science    I have always been interested and intrigued by computers, ever since using a BBC when I was very young. Since then I have become fluent in writing BASIC and more recently I have learnt HTML, the language of the World Wide Web on which I have my own wesite. I use computers for most of my exam coursework such as Solving Equations Using Numerical Methods for Pure Maths 2 and also for recreation.    My A-level studies are Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Physics and Design Technology. I have always been fascinated by numbers and this interest is continuing, hence my choices in A-level subjects. I enjoy the application of Mathematics to Physics. In Design Technology I can be creative and at the same time use my knowledge of Mathematics and Physics to help solve problems.    I am applying for the course of Computer Science because I would like to increase my knowledge of this subject. I hope that in the future I will be able to create applications for computers that will help people to save time and money.    For a career, I would like to be involved in the fast developing computer industry and more particularly with the Internet. I think it has immense potential and I would like to be able to develop the Internet to make it help the lives of day to day people. In this way I would also like to help make computers more like humans with for example voice operated user interfaces.    For my University course I am seeking sponsorship from several companies associated with computers and computing.    I am an active member of my Sixth Form being a prefect with supervisory responsibilities. I hold the positions of both sixth form committee member and House Captain for my school house. I have performed in the VI form pantomime, The Wizard Of Oz, for the local primary school children. When my school took part in BBC Newsround?s national mock election I was the Party Leader for the Liberal Democrat Party. I designed posters on my computer and helped mastermind the campaign in the school. This involved speaking in a four-way debate between the three party leaders and an audience of interested sixth formers and staff. My hard work paid off and I won my seat for the Sixth Form with an overwhelming majority.

Rhetorical Analysis Ap

Rhetorical Analysis Essay: 2008 AP Question 2 John M. Barry argues that scientists need to embrace uncertainty within the passage; he asserts that they need the courage and will to overcome the intimidating uncertainty of exploring new fields. With an honest and clear tone Barry highlights the divide between certainty and uncertainty in the passage, discussing the importance of â€Å"pioneers†, individuals who are willing to adventure into the unexplored to further their researches.Courage and wit are indeed two crucial factors for the biologists, chemists, and engineers of today to further develop science; it is important to â€Å"probe† the unknown in order to search for answers, and it is important to embrace failure instead of fearing it, for mistakes and faults help in perfecting research techniques. In The Great Influenza, Barry employs extended metaphor, repetition, and juxtaposition to deliver his message on the need for scientists to explore the unknown.Extended metaphor is used to highlight the intimidation brought from exploring undiscovered aspects of science, furthering her argument that researchers require courage. Barry claims that â€Å"real scientists† are â€Å"on the frontier† and must therefore â€Å"deal with the unknown† and develop â€Å"tools and techniques needed to clear the wilderness†.He describes the harshness and fear-inspiring nature of conducting foreign and novel experiments by comparing it to a â€Å"frontier†, describing it as the â€Å"unknown† and the â€Å"wilderness†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"frontier† connotes a barren landscape, insinuating the vast and unexplored characteristic of performing ambitious researches, and â€Å"unknown† and â€Å"wilderness† imply fear and intimidation, deterring scientists away from furthering their hypothesis. In doing this Barry emphasizes that courage is a crucial requirement for scientists to have in developing science.Furthermore, Barry mentions â₠¬Å"shovel†, â€Å"pick†, and â€Å"dynamite† as examples of â€Å"tools one needs†. All of the utilities are used for grating and arduous purposes, which furthers the idea that scientists â€Å"must create . . . everything†; scientists must work diligently and face the challenges they are given with perseverance; to execute successful experiments one must preserver in the face of failure by utilizing whatever means of tools that is available, and by connecting this to the â€Å"wilderness† and â€Å"frontier† at the beginning, Barry suggests that scientists might be afraid of this ailure and onerous work. The extended metaphor portrayed the larger idea that scientists must be courageous in dealing with unexplored areas and topics.Repetition was used to enforce the precarious nature of exploring new areas, insinuating that doing so required a strong mentality by researchers. Barry contends that even a â€Å"single laboratory findingâ⠂¬  can destroy a seemingly monumental belief, saying that it â€Å"can also take one off a cliff†, while arguing that it is also beneficial in that it â€Å"can take them through the looking glass into a world that seems entirely different . . crystal to precipitate an order†. In repeating â€Å"single† and describing many effects that can arise from it, Barry reasons that even a small, isolated finding can destroy a monumental belief that had been upheld for a long time, and that scientists must readily acknowledge this. He also repeats the notion of fragility in using â€Å"sharp edge†, â€Å"glass†, and â€Å"crystal†, implying that new experiments are delicately balanced; he contends that such a brittle nature by intimidate scientists.Barry introduces obstacles that must be overcome by scientists not only through a smart mind, but also through a daring heart. By juxtaposing the two mentalities of following a pre-established road and pi oneering a new one, Barry argues that scientists need to have an adventurous and brave spirit to truly expand the horizons of current models and research techniques. He contrasts â€Å"Certainty† and â€Å"Uncertainty†, describing the former as â€Å"strength† and â€Å"something upon which to lean†, while distinguishing the latter as â€Å"weakness† and â€Å"mak[ing] one tentative if not fearful†.From the very onset Barry describes two very different paths that scientists are faced with in facing â€Å"certainty† and â€Å"uncertainty†. These two significant but strikingly different ideas are posed as the difference between comfort and fear, and Barry argues that scientists need to push themselves into stepping into â€Å"uncertainty† and facing the possibility of disproving their own hypothesis, or the possibility of using the wrong equipment, or even the possibility of making a crucial mistake in order to further dev elop not only science but also their own research techniques.Barry conveys his argument that scientists must overcome the obstacle of â€Å"uncertainty† and must be willing to embrace the fear that entails it through juxtaposing the two ideas of â€Å"uncertainty† and â€Å"certainty†. Through using extended metaphor and repetition to highlight the stark and intimidating conditions of conducting innovative experiments, and juxtaposition to emphasize how the difficult obstacles to overcome, Barry reasons that scientists not only need intellectual curiosity and bright wit, but also a courageous and adventurous spirit.Today education is emphasizing on spoon-feeding children; it teaches children what to think, not how to think; standardized exams pressure students into abiding by â€Å"proven† methods, and creativity and critical thinking are left in the back seat. Barry’s dissertation on the necessary qualities of a scientist indirectly but gratingly points out this flaw within the system, admonishing us that at this rate there will be a lack of â€Å"investigators† or â€Å"pioneers† in the future.

Serial Killers What Makes Us Kill Essay - 1718 Words

Introduction Findings in this article are designed to ask questions and gain a better understanding of what a serial killers mind is like, why serial killers are so popular in American pop culture and, the basic fascination and interest in serial killer cases and, review basic facts and ideas of how we can stop or try to limit cases of serial killer violence and crime, through studies and research. Covering a range of historical, medical and, scientific views in a wide variety of cases and findings, the goal is to expand on the ideas and theories of what causes people to become serial killers. What makes us kill? We don’t know for sure the exact reason people become serial killers, but we have found through recent studies that there are gene and chemical compositions in the human brain that have great influence on how humans react in some situations. Is it a fact that we are just a violent and aggressive species? Serial killers seem to be of huge interest in pop culture and it does not seem to change any time soon. To look at causes and effects of gene and chemical imbalances is a great first step when trying to find a reason people become a serial killers. There are different kinds of serial killers and there are many different things that cause the brain to trigger the chemicals, such as serotonin that become released into the brain that is said to be partial cause of the killer response, serotonin generally causes calm and relaxed feelings, but if there is too much ofShow MoreRelatedThe Various Forms of Serial Killers1018 Words   |  4 PagesThe term itself: serial killer, has so many connotations. Serial killers are very prevalent in today’s society, and are present in tv shows, books, movies, magazines. The public has formed an idea of serial killers that is not exactly all too correct. The general public’s idea of them is very broad, when in actuality serial killer’s come in many, many different shapes and forms. The world of a serial kiler has such a diverse group of people taht just a single, general idea of one doesn’t begin toRead MoreA Serial Killers Characteristics Begin at Childhood800 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Characteristic of Serial killers The basic definition of Serial Killers are that it is a group of people who’s work is just to kill, kill and kill innocent people over a longer period of time without being wedged or bunged. They are not like mass murderers, who may kill many people at one time - majority of the time because of circumstantial behavior. 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Some of the reasons that people believe that killers are made and not born are due to research by many psychiatrists on serial killers and mass murderers who are on death roe that have committed some of the most heinous crimes. One argument is that there is a set of factors that make people kill which are neurologic damage, abuse, andRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Healthcare Serial Killers1484 Words   |  6 PagesSerial murder, which is defined as â€Å"the unlawful killing of two or more victims, by the same offenders, in separate events†(Lubaszka Shon, 2013, p. 1), is a term that American society has become quite familiar with. At a ripe age, parents begin teaching their children not to talk to strangers in hopes of shielding them from the potential evil our world has to offer, but what if I told you the serial killer may not always be the scary man driving a van and offering candy? Our society, like it does